Define the following concepts in your own words: (a) stiffness, (b) strength, (c) ductility, (d) yielding, (e) toughness, and (f) strain hardening.

Please find detail answer given below

Explanation:

(a) Stiffness

It is defined as the property of a material that is rigid and difficult to bend. The example of stiffness is the rubber band. If an elastic band is stretched with two fingers, the stiffness is less and the flexibility is greater. Similarly, if we use the rubber band assembly and stretch it with two fingers, the stiffness will be more rigid and the flexibility will be less.

(b) Strength

Force measures how much stress can be applied to an element before it is permanently deformed or fractured.

(c) ductility

Ductility is a measure of a metal's ability to resist tensile stress: any force that separates the two ends of an object. The tug of war game provides a good example of the tension of tension that is applied to a rope. Ductility is the plastic deformation that occurs in the metal as a result of such types of deformation. The term "ductile" literally means that a metallic substance is capable of stretching on a thin wire without weakening or becoming more fragile in the process.

(d) Yielding

The performance of a material is explained as the tension at which a material begins to deform irreversibly. Before the elastic limit, the material will deform elastically, which means that it will return to its original shape when the applied tension is eliminated (that is, without permanent and visible change in the shape of the material).

(e) toughness

The ability of a metal to deform plastically and to absorb energy in the process before the fracture is called resistance. The emphasis of this definition should be placed on the ability to absorb energy before the fracture.

(f) strain hardening

The process of strain hardening is at what time when metal is strained beyond the yield point. An intensifying pressure is required to produce extra plastic deformation and the metal apparently becomes stronger and more difficult to deform.