William, a project manager, needs to prepare the budget for a new software development project. To do so, he takes inputs from other managers who have worked orn similar projects in the past. After estimating the overall project cost, he gives the estimates to his team members so that they car split up the cost of each individual task involved in producing the required deliverable. In this scenario, William is using:.
a. top-down budgeting
b. bittom-up budgeting
c. agile project budgeting
d. dynamic matrix budgeting

Steel is coated with a thin layer of ceramic to protect against corrosion. what do you expect to happen to the coating when the temperature of the steel is increased significantly? explain.

Aloaded platform of total mass 500 kg is supported by a dashpot and by a set of springs of effective stiffness 72 kn/m. it is observed that when the platform is depressed through a distance x = 12.5 cm below its equilibrium position and then released without any initial velocity; it reaches its equilibrium position in the shortest possible time without overshoot. find the position and velocity of the loaded platform 0.10 sec. after its release. if a further load of 400 kg is added to the platform, find, i) the frequency of damped vibrations, and i) the amplitude of vibration after 2 complete oscillations, given that the initial amplitude is 15 cm.

Burgers vector is generally parallel to the dislocation line. a)-true b)-false