The output of an under-damped second-order system with ζ = 0.1 subjected to step-input forcing initially oscillates with a period equal to 1 s until the oscillation dissipates. the same system then is subjected to sinusoidal-input forcing with a frequency equal to 12.62 rad/s. determine the phase lag (in degree) at this frequency.

Water at 55c flows across a flat plate whose surface temperature is held constant at 95c. if the temperature gradient at the plate's surface for a given value of x is 18 c/mm, find a) local heat transfer coefficient. b) heat flux

A3-mm-thick panel of aluminum alloy (k 177 w/m-k, c 875 j/kg-k and ? = 2770 kg/m) is finished on both sides with an epoxy coating that must be cured at or above t,-150°c for at least 5 min. the production line for the curing operation involves two steps: (1) heating in a large oven with air at ts,0-175°c and a convection coefficient of h, 40 w/m2. k, and (2) cooling in a large chamber with air at 25°c and a con- vection coefficient of he 10 w/m2.k. the heating portion of the process is conducted over a time interval te which exceeds the ime required to reach 150°c by 5 min (h = r + 300 s). the coating has an emissivity of ? = 0.8, and the temperatures of the oven and chamber walls are 175 and 25°c, respectively. if the panel is placed in the oven at an initial temperature of 25°c and removed from the chamber at a safe-to-touch tempera ture of 37°c, what is the total elapsed time for the two-step curing operation?

Find the minimum film thickness for a journal bearing with the data below. shaft diameter, d-50 mm, clearance ratio, cdratio? 0.001, shaft speed, n 2000 rpm; bearing length. i 200 mm; eccentricity ration, ? -0.55. ( note, cdratio-ca/d) the minimum film thickness is um