Random fluctuations in the early universe were stretched by a period of intense inflation, resulting in permanent density fluctuations. this is the origin of the immense soap bubble structure of the universe, in which interconnecting "walls" of galaxies are separated by almost empty voids.

Air inially occupying a volume of 1 m2 at 100 kpa, 27 c undergoes three internally reversible processes in series. process 1-2 compression to 500 kpa during which pv constant process 2-3 adiabatic expanslon to 100 kpa process 3-1: constant-pressure expansion to 100 kpa (a) calculate the change of entropy for each of the three processes. (b) calculate the heat and work involved in each process. (c) is this cycle a power cycle or refrigeration cycle?