What minimum information should be provided when describing an arc welding machine

If the thermal strain developed in polyimide film during deposition is given as 0.0044. assume room temperature is kept at 17.3 c, and thermal coefficient of expansion for the film and the substrate are 54 x 10^-6c^-1 and 3.3 x 10^-6c^-1respectively. calculate the deposition temperature.

What difference(s) did you notice using a pneumatic circuit over hydraulic circuit. explain why the pneumatic piston stumbles when it hits an obstacle.

Different types of steels contain different elements that alter the characteristics of the steel. for each of the following elements, explain what the element does when alloyed with steel.