Water is the working fluid in an ideal rankine cycle with reheat. superheated vapor enters the turbine at 12 mpa, 480°c, and the condenser pressure is 8 kpa. steam expands through the first-stage turbine to 1.2 mpa and then is reheated to 480°c. assume the pump and each turbine stage has an isentropic efficiency of 85% and 92%, respectively. determine the thermal efficiency.

Apiping systems consists of 6 m of 6-std type k and 12 m of 4-std type k, both drawn copper tubing. the system conveys ethylene glycol at a rate of 0.013 m3/s. the pressure drop across the system is to be calculated. there are two 90° elbows in the 6-in pipe, a reduction from the 6-in pipe to the 4-in pipe and four 90° elbows in the 4-in pipe. all fittings are soldered (same as flanged) and regular. the inlet and outlet of the system are at the same height.