How to find the range and endurance for an aircraft ?

Different types of steels contain different elements that alter the characteristics of the steel. for each of the following elements, explain what the element does when alloyed with steel.

Slip occurs via two partial dislocations because of (a) the shorter path of the partial dislocation lines; (b) the lower energy state through partial dislocations; (c) the charge balance.

Hydraulic fluid with a sg. of 0.78 is flowing through a 1.5 in. i. d. pipe at 58 gal/min. the fluid has an absolute viscosity of 11.8 x 105 lbf-sec/ft2. is the flow laminar, turbulent or within the critical range? give both a numerical reynolds number and a term answer.