The penstock is considered to be one important component in a hydropower scheme. explain briefly one method that can be used for sizing of the penstock to ensure optimum power generation. (b) at a particular site for hydroelectric power plant the discharge of water is 400 m3/s and the head of 25 m. the turbine efficiency is 88 %. the turbine is directly coupled to the generator having a frequency of generation of 50 hz and number of poles as 24. determine least number of turbines required if a kaplan turbine of specific speed of 750 is used. (c) it is observed that a run-of-river power plant operates as peak load plant with a weekly load factor of 24 %, all this capacity being firm capacity. given the following data; rated installed capacity of generating plant : 12 mw, operating head : 18 m, plant efficiency : 85 %. determine: (i) the minimum flow in river so that power plant may operate as base load plant and (ii) the daily load factor of the plant if the stream flow is 17 m3/s.