Two uncharged conductors, a and b, are of different sizes. they are charged as follows: 1. a is charged from an electrostatic generator to charge q. 2. a is briefly touched to b. 3. steps 1 and 2 are repeated until the charge on b reaches a maximum value. if the final charge on b is 3q, what was the charge on a after the first time it touched b?

Aturning operation is performed with following conditions: rake angle of 12°, a feed of 0.35 mm/rev, and a depth of cut of 1.1 mm. the work piece is aluminum alloy 6061 with t6 heat treatment (a16061-t6). the resultant chip thickness was measured to be 1.0 mm. estimate the cutting force, fc. use shear stress of 207 mpa and coefficient of friction on the tool face of 0.6.