Password procedures, information encryption software, and firewalls are examples of measures taken to address:

Password procedures, information encryption software, and firewalls are examples of measures taken to address are all measures taken to safeguard information security and protect users data from being tampered or manipulated by invaders. 

In web, if we leave our information without encryption or if we leave our system without firewall, different types of security threats might arise: such as, information being hacked, manipulated or sent to wrong places. To avoid this information encryption is done. We might also need to firewall our system so that we can avoid unwanted access and invading of our privacy using malwares and other tools. 

The five major components is processor main memory second memory and input devices and output devices