Dedicated computers with very large storage capacities that provide users access to fast storage and retrieval of data are referred to as

file servers

Explanation:

A file server provides a central location on the network, where you can store and share the files with network users. When users need an important file, such as a project plan, they can access the file server file instead of having to pass it between different computers. If network users need access to the same files and applications accessible through the network, configure this computer as a file server.

Because file servers exist for the purpose of storing and serving data files, they must be configured with huge amounts of storage space. Network administrators often equip file servers with large internal hard drives (one or more drives totaling more than one terabyte is common in modern networks), and external FireWire or USB drives can be added to add more Storage capacity. These units are configured in the operating system as "shared", or allow network users to connect and create, open, modify and save the files on the machine's disks.

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