To prevent replay attacks, authentication protocols create a number that will be used only once. The number is called a .

Acomputer is a multipurpose device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to a series of stored . the processing unit of most modern computers is a(n) . the instructions that tell a computer how to carry out a task are referred to as computer , which are distributed as software. computers run three main types of software: software, system software, and development tools. an example of system software is a computer system, which is essentially the master controller for all the activities that a digital device performs. digital devices are constructed using tiny electronic components that represent data bits as electrical signals. the system unit houses the system board, which contains several circuits made from semiconducting materials. computers come in three popular form factors: component, , and slate. many of today's digital devices operate on battery power supplied by ion batteries. battery life and lifespan can be extended by following good battery management practices.

When creating a budget, log fixed expenses before income. after income. after savings. at the top.

Who can provide you with a new password when you have forgotten your old one? your provide you with a new password in case you forget your old one.