Let f(x) be a One-Way Homomorphic Function where f(kp+1)=f(1) for any integer k and a big prime p. Given the value f(1) and the ElGamal ciphertext CT=(f(r), f(r*b)⊕M) where pk=f(b)
and sk=b. Here, r is a random number chosen by the encryptor and f(r*b) is a bit string.
Q1: Show how to quickly compute f(111) step by step.
Q2b: Suppose that the output f(x) for all x has the problem that the first bit (MSB) is equal
to 1 with probability 99.9999%. Show how to break the ElGamal ciphertext in the IND-CPA
security model.

answer6-9 screws;

the major difference between the two is the objective and the reward of the game. candy crush has a puzzle theme with the objective of meeting a specific quota of points or objects, you are able to gain access to the next level and compete with peers on the process. on duolingo the objective is rather different, you are given sets of questions for you to answer for you to move to the next level and as for the reward, you are able to learn available language as this is an app developed to teach the user about other languages.