Which type of function distill the information contained within a file (small or large) into a single fixed-length number, typically between 128 and 256 bits in length?
a. message-digest
b. private-key
c. random permutation
d. public-key?

Match the steps of the process to julia's analysis. 1. analyze choices. current costs for making phone calls to foreign countries averages between five and ten cents a minute. 2. determine the goals. julia needs to reduce the cost of telecommunications without reducing her employees' ability to do their jobs. 3. gather data. the corporate computer network will be able to handle the increased traffic that will occur as a result of voip. 4. evaluate the decision. julia will have her it department set up voip in the smallest domestic office. 5. make the decision. julia will have employees document the benefits and problems that result from using the new technology.

Assume that you have an sorted array of records. assume that the length of the array (n) is known. give two different methods to search for a specific value in this array. you can use english or pseudo-code for your algorithm. what is the time complexity for each algorithm and why?

Allison and her group have completed the data entry for their spreadsheet project. they are in the process of formatting the data to make it easier to read and understand. the title is located in cell a5. the group has decided to merge cells a3: a7 to attempt to center the title over the data. after the merge, allison points out that it is not centered and looks bad. where would the title appear if allison unmerged the cells in an attempt to fix the title problem?