1. A process of manipulating data to make it more useful form. It does not only consist of mathematical calculations but also data operations

Data processing.

Explanation:

A database management system (DBMS) can be defined as a collection of software applications that typically enables computer users to create, store, modify, retrieve and manage data or informations in a database. Generally, it allows computer users to efficiently retrieve and manage their data with an appropriate level of security.

A data dictionary can be defined as a centralized collection of information on a specific data such as attributes, names, fields and definitions that are being used in a computer database system.

In a data dictionary, data elements are combined into records, which are meaningful combinations of data elements that are included in data flows or retained in data stores.

This ultimately implies that, a data dictionary found in a computer database system typically contains the records about all the data elements (objects) such as data relationships with other elements, ownership, type, size, primary keys etc. This records are stored and communicated to other data when required or needed.

Basically, when a database management system (DBMS) receives data update requests from application programs, it simply instructs the operating system installed on a server to provide the requested data or informations.

Data processing can be defined as the process of manipulating data to make it more useful form. It does not only consist of mathematical calculations but also data operations.

For example, you could enter couple of values (data) into Microsoft Excel and process them to view the relationships between the values through a bar chart (information).