Which statement is true about input and output devices? A. An input device receives information from the computer and an output device sends information to the computer. B. An output device receives information from the computer and an input device sends information to the computer. C. Neither statement is true. D. Both statements are true

Acomputer is a multipurpose device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to a series of stored . the processing unit of most modern computers is a(n) . the instructions that tell a computer how to carry out a task are referred to as computer , which are distributed as software. computers run three main types of software: software, system software, and development tools. an example of system software is a computer system, which is essentially the master controller for all the activities that a digital device performs. digital devices are constructed using tiny electronic components that represent data bits as electrical signals. the system unit houses the system board, which contains several circuits made from semiconducting materials. computers come in three popular form factors: component, , and slate. many of today's digital devices operate on battery power supplied by ion batteries. battery life and lifespan can be extended by following good battery management practices.

Consider a slotted aloha system, where the time slot equals the fixed duration of each packet. assume that there are 4 stations a, b,c, d sharing the medium. (a) stations a, b,c, d receive one packet each from higher layers at times 1.3, 1.5, 2.6,5.7 respectively. show which transmissions take place when, according to the slottedaloha protocol; describe all transmissions until all four packets have been successful. when needed, each station has access to the following sequence of random number, provided by a random number generator and drawn uniformly between 0 and 1: (1) station a draws numbers: 0.31, 0.27, 0.78, 0.9, 0.9, 0.11, 0. (2) station b draws numbers: 0.45, 0.28, 0.11, 0.83, 0.37, 0.22, 0. (3)station c draws numbers: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0. (4) station d draws numbers: 0.36, 0.77, 0.9, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0. (b) in slotted aloha, a station transmits in each time slot with a given probability. what probabilities would you assign to each of the four stations so as to: (i) maximize the efficiency of the protocol? (ii) maximize fairness among the four stations? (c) will the efficiency increase or decrease if we modify slotted aloha as follows: (i) get rid of slots and allow stations to transmit immediately? (ii) implement carrier sensing? (iii) implement collision detection? (iv) implement collision avoidance?

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