G As implicitly assumed earlier, the first physical frame is reserved for the OS; the other frames are initially free. You will initially use the following frame allocation scheme: (1) allocate the physical page in order of frame number, starting from 1, 2, 3, (2) when there are no free physical frames, you will need to use the LRU policy for page replacement. That means, the page that is least recently used (accessed) will be allocated to the new request.

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What is a point-in-time measurement of system performance?

When making changes to optimize part of a processor, it is often the case that speeding up one type of instruction comes at the cost of slowing down something else. for example, if we put in a complicated fast floating-point unit, that takes space, and something might have to be moved farther away from the middle to accommodate it, adding an extra cycle in delay to reach that unit. the basic amdahl's law equation does not take into account this trade-off. a. if the new fast floating-point unit speeds up floating-point operations by, on average, 2ă—, and floating-point operations take 20% of the original program's execution time, what is the overall speedup (ignoring the penalty to any other instructions)? b. now assume that speeding up the floating-point unit slowed down data cache accesses, resulting in a 1.5ă— slowdown (or 2/3 speedup). data cache accesses consume 10% of the execution time. what is the overall speedup now? c. after implementing the new floating-point operations, what percentage of execution time is spent on floating-point operations? what percentage is spent on data cache accesses?