The length of a hailstone sequence is the number of terms it contains. For example, the hailstone sequence in example 1 (5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1) has a length of 6 and the hailstone sequence in example 2 (8, 4, 2, 1) has a length of 4. Write the method hailstoneLength(int n), which returns the length of the hailstone sequence that starts with n.

#include <iostream>using namespace std;int hailstoneLength(int n){    int term = 1;    while(n != 1){        if(n % 2 == 0){            n = n / 2;            term++;        }        else{            n = n * 3 + 1;            term++;        }    }    return term;}int main(){    cout<<hailstoneLength(8);    return 0;}

Explanation:

Hailstone sequence is a list of number that is generated by following the rules as below:

Given a starting number (e.g. 5)If the number is even, divide it by 2If the number is odd, multiply it by 3 and then add 1the starting number will either be repeatedly divided or multiplied until the final n reaches 1

So, we can create a function called hailstoneLength that takes one input number, n, as starting number (Line 4).

In the function initialize the variable term with value of 1 (Line 5).  Create a while loop and set the condition to enable the loop running until the n become 1 (Line 6). In the loop, keep checking the n value if it is currently even or odd using modulus operator (Line 7 - 14). If it is even, divide n by 2 and increment the term by one (Line 7 - 10). If it is odd, multiple it by 3 and add 1 (Line 11 - 14). At last, return term value as output (Line 16).

In the main program, test the function by passing 8 as argument. We shall get the output of 4 (Line 21).  

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