How can energy infrastructure build resilience?
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Possible actions in system and operation planning

Diversify supply chains to address multiple types of disruptions

Strengthen and coordinate emergency response plans to minimize magnitude and length of disruptions

Develop flood and stormwater management plans to address extreme weather events and sea level rise

Develop drought management plans to address the potential for decreased water supplies

Develop hydropower management plans to address the potential for hydrologic extremes

Possible actions involving existing or new equipment

Build redundancy into facilities to allow for continued operation during partial disruptions

Storm-harden energy infrasatructure and/or elevate water-sensitive equipment to address high water levels

Build coastal barriers using green, grey, or hybrid infrastructure to address high water levels

Improve reliability of grid systems through back-up power supply, intelligent controls, smart grid, micro-grids, and distributed generation to better respond to disruptions

Implement air-cooled or low-water-use cooling systems for thermoelectric power plants to address drought and increased temperatures of water for cooling

Expand the use of non-water-intensive energy technologies (e.g., wind, photovoltaic solar)

Relocate vulnerable facilities out of locations that may be inundated

Relocate facilities to areas that have a more sustainable water supply

Add peak generation and power storage capacity to minimize disruptions

Add back-up power supply for grid disruptions

Add regional fuel product reserves to address vulnerable fuel supply disruptions

Increase transmission capacity within and between regions to overcome localized disruptions

Possible actions in reducing energy demand

Improve residential and building energy, cooling, and manufacturing efficiencies

Improve demand-response capabilities of energy infrastructure (for example, a smart grid)

Allow flexible work schedules to transfer energy use to off-peak hours