Which tool or mechanism defines what resource a user may access and what he or she may do with those resources?

Authorization

Explanation: Authorization is the tool or process that is used as the privilege/permission to user to carry out the process. This process is required to maintain the security and so that the resources of the system can be used by the authorized user.

It is implemented on the resources like files, data, programs etc. Authentication process is carried out by the verification of identity of the particular user.

solution:

this situation is called an ip conflict.

data from a server is sent in small bits called packets. in an ip conflict, some packets will end up in one computer while some other packets will end up in another computer.

so…overall none of the computers get the data as the original message or picture being sent by the server cannot be retrieved with only half the packets. so it will show up as an error.

thus the final answer is d.