In order to implement a dns amplification attack, the attacker must trigger the creation of a sufficiently large volume of dns response packets from the intermediary to exceed the capacity of the link to the target organization consider an attack where the dns response packets are 500 bytes in size (ignoring framing overhead) a) how many of these packets per second must the attacker trigger to flood a target organization using a: 1. 0.5-mbps link? 2. 2-mbps link 3. 10-mbps link?

Given a link with a maximum transmission rate of 32.8 mbps. only two computers, x and y, wish to transmit starting at time t = 0 seconds. computer x sends filex (4 mib) and computer y sends filey (244 kib), both starting at time t = 0. statistical multiplexing is used, with details as follows packet payload size = 1000 bytes packet header size = 24 bytes (overhead) ignore processing and queueing delays assume partial packets (packets consisting of less than 1000 bytes of data) are padded so that they are the same size as full packets. assume continuous alternating-packet transmission. computer x gets the transmission medium first. at what time (t = ? ) would filey finish transmitting? give answer in milliseconds, without units, and round to one decimal places (e. g. for an answer of 0.013777 seconds you would enter "13.8" without the quotes)