Which of the following is the definition of ciphertext?
a. the buying and selling of goods and services online through a secure web site, with payment by credit card or direct debit from a checking account.
b. any action that could damage an asset.
c. the opposite of cleartext. data sent as ciphertext is not visible and not decipherable.
d. a mathematical formula that quantifies the amount of uptime for a system
compared to the amount of downtime. usually displayed as a ratio or percentage.

Write a program that performs a simple n-body simulation, called "jumping leprechauns." this simulation involves n leprechauns, numberd 1 to n. it maintains a gold value g_i for each leprechaun i, which begins with each leprechaun starting out with a million dollars worth of gold, that is, g_i = 1000000 for each i = 1,. in addition, the simulation also maintains, for each leprachaun, i, a place on the horizon, which is represented as a double-precision floating point number, x_i. in each iteration of the simulation, the simulation processes the leprachauns in order. processing a leprachaun i during its iteration begins by computing a new place on the horizon for i, which is determined by the assignment: