Phenolphthalein has often been used to monitor the progress of an acid-base neutralization reaction. what color will phenolphthalein be when there is an excess of acid present?

When there is excess of acid the phenolphtalein remains colorless

Explanation:

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Since, phenolphthalein is naturally colorless, it turns pink in alkaline solutions above pH levels of 8.2 and continues to a bright purple in stronger alkalines since the phenolphtalein is ionized (see attached pictures). In spite of this, below pH levels of 8.2 phenolphtalein is colorless due to the formation of the C-O bond just next to the lower carbonyl group. In such a way, at low pH levels the ionization is shifted rightwards and above 8.2 is shifted leftwards, giving the evidence that when there is excess of acid the phenolphtalein remains colorless.

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the answers would be

the first one and the second one

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