Acertain buffer is made by dissolving nahco3 and na2co3 in some water. write equations to show how this buffer neutralizes added h and oh.

- A buffer solution resists the change in pH after the addition of small amounts of acid or base to it.
- The given buffer solution is NaHCO₃ (acid) + Na₂CO₃ (conjugate base).
- NaHCO₃ contains HCO₃⁻ and Na⁺ ions. Na₂CO₃ contains Na⁺ and CO₃²⁻ ions. Na⁺ ions do not show any effect on the pH of a solution.
Therefore, HCO₃⁻ and CO₃²⁻ are responsible for the buffer action.
HCO₃⁻ is the acidic component of the buffer. It neutralizes the small amounts of base added to it producing an equivalent amount of the conjugate base CO₃²⁻.
HCO₃⁻(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → CO₃²⁻(aq) + H₂O(l)
Acid                                conjugate base
CO₃²⁻ is the basic component if the buffer. It neutralizes the small amounts of acid added to it producing an equivalent amount of the conjugate acid HCO₃⁻
CO₃²⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq) → HCO₃⁻(aq) + H₂O(l)
Base                              Conjugate acid
- Therefore, even after the addition of a small amount of acid or base to the buffer, pH remains unchanged. 

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