An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called
a cation
an ion
inert
a molecule

It called cation, Well, When an atom gains or loses an electron, it attains a net charge and becomes an ion. When electrons are lost, the resulting ion is called cation and when electrons are gained, the resulting ion is called an anion. So, Cations have a net positive charge, while anions have a net negative charge. it is true.

I’m not sure what your trying to say here.. can you clarify again?