Which of the following is not an assumption of the kinetic theory of gases? gas particles are in constant random motion. the volume of individual gas particles is zero. the particles in a gas are attracted to each other. gas particles collide without losing energy.

The following is NOT an assumption of the kinetic theory of gases :  The particles in a gas are attracted to each other.

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) states that a gas consists of molecules that move at a constant and random speed. The collisions between molecules are perfectly elastic so that no energy is wasted.

The molecules move in straight lines until they collide

Energy because this motion is expressed as Kinetic energy (KE) which can be formulated as:

The average kinetic energy value is only affected by temperature changes. The higher the temperature, the average kinetic energy of the molecule increases

This molecule is very small when compared to the distance between molecules, so the volume of gas contains mostly empty space

Gas particles move randomly (both speed and direction, as vector)

From the question :

Particle motion creates kinetic energy.

they collide between particles or the walls of its container

The volume of the individual particles is negligible

The motion of each particle is independent (no attraction or repulsion)

The collisions are elastic, so there is no loss of kinetic energy, only transferred from between particles

inertia affect during a collision  

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Henry's Law  

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ideal gas  

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Keywords: Kinetic Molecular Theory, Collisions, The average kinetic energy , gas molecule

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.

i believe that it is a exoplanet