Atoms and elements are the basic back bone of the universe. explain what this statement means and how the idea of the atom has changed over time ( ! )

The above statement states that the atom and the elements, which is made up of the atom itself, is the most important and fundamental to define the universe, Every object or matter in the space has fundamental to it and that is atom. The model of atom has far changed from Dalton's plum pudding model in which he assumes the positive core and the negative part of the atom is randomly present just like plum in plum pudding cake, then Rutherford's model which was far promising than Dalton's. assuming electron in spatial orbit revolving around the nucleus. Then Niels Bohr model and it's postulates he explains the electron energy transition between orbits and lined spectrum of hydrogen atom, also says that electron till stays in the stationary orbit with integral multiple of h/2π never loses its energy .. it loses when it jumps from higher energy state orbit to lower one .. in the form of radiation mostly a Photon

For cyclohexane compounds drawn in a chair conformation:   -axial bonds are vertical  -equatorial bonds are parallel to two bonds within the ring.  thus, as i assume the chair conformation is drawn:   -the x group is in an axial position, as are the five other vertical bonds.  -three axial bonds are on the top face of the ring  -the other three axial bonds are on the bottom face  the position of the second substituent on each ring carbon is equatorial.  gauche groups must be on an adjacent carbon such as carbon 6 and carbon 2, and also gauche groups are rotated by 60 degrees relative to each other.  drawing the newman projections for c1–c2 and c1–c6 aids in visualizing the groups that are gauche to the y group on c1.  click this link and watch some academic videos that may you more understand the topic