It's believed by many that a good way to vandalize a car is to pour sugar (sucrose) in its gas tank. the sugar is believed to dissolve in the gasoline, enter the gas lines and then "caramelize" into a gunky texture when combusted. if you wanted to test this theory casually, without jeopardizing anyone's car, which of the solvents used in the experiment would be the best to use?

Answer is: in this experiment it is best to use some liquid alkanes (for example hexane), because gasoline consists of hydrocarbons with between four and twenty carbon atoms. Gasoline is a mixture  of many different hydrocarbons: alkanes (paraffins), cycloalkanes  and alkenes (olefins).

The answer is b because c don't explain why the moths are on them and it isn't a because as we know only one species of moth does this

The answer to your question really depends on three things: how much water you have, how cold it is to start out, and how cold the things around it are. water actually freezes when it gets to 32 degrees fahrenheit (0 degrees celsius), but the time it takes to get there may be different.  let's start with the first. if you take two glasses, and fill one with a tiny bit of water, and the other about halfway, then put them both in the freezer, the one with less water will freeze first (you can try this at home, but i recommend using plastic cups and not glass ones).  now let's move on to the second part. let's say you have two glasses, and you fill one with really cold water that has been in the refrigerator, and the other with really hot water from the sink. if you put both of them in the freezer, the one that started out colder will freeze first.  for the third part, let's imagine that you have two glasses with the same amount of water in them, and the water is at the same temperature. imagine putting one outside on a really really cold day in georgia, and having a friend in alaska put one outside on the same day. since it would be so much colder in alaska, the glass of water there would freeze before yours.  so, if you took a tiny bit of really cold water in a glass, and put it outside on a cold day in alaska, it would freeze a lot faster than a big glass of hot water outside on a cold day in georgia.