Matt, erin, and lauren were having a challenge to see who could dissolve a one-pound cube of sugar the quickest. matt puts his sugar cube in a bucket of water and stirs it with a wooden spoon. erin heats up the water before putting it into her bucket and uses a wood spoon to stir it. what must lauren do to make her sugar cube dissolve quicker than matt and erin?

Generally speaking, there are three factors that affect how fast a solid dissolves in a liquid:

Matt uses the first one, while Erin uses the first two. In order to win, Lauren has to use all three, that is: Heat up the water, stirr it with a wooden spoon, and break up the cube of sugar into smaller portions (or a fine dust).

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.