Given an element’s atomic number and mass number, how can you tell the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus?

I'm learning about the periodic tables and what each subject's configuration is. for example, hydrogen is 1s^1, but i don't understand how you get that. can someone me understand how to figure out how to figure this out? sorry if the question makes no sense, but it would really a lot if you could me understand! you so much if you can!

Upon decomposition, one sample of magnesium fluoride produced 1.65 kg of magnesium and 2.56 kg of fluorine. a second sample produced 1.32 kg of magnesium. part a how much fluorine (in grams) did the second sample produce?

28. which is not a reason that water is used to store spent fuel rods from nuclear power plants? water increases the speed of the chain reaction in the fuel rods. water protects nuclear power plant workers from the high temperature and radiation of the fuel rods. water acts as a radiation shield to reduce the radiation levels. water cools the spent rods. salts action