What are the particles of an atom called that are in the outermost energy level?

In the following redox reaction which is the oxidizing agent and which is the reducing agent? alcl3 + na nacl + al oxidizing agent = reducing agent =

Covalent bonds generally form when the bonded elements have a difference in electronegativity less than 1.5. subtract the electronegativities for the following pairs of elements and predict whether they form a covalent bond. electronegativity difference of c and c: ionic covalent electronegativity difference of mg and cl: ionic covalent

How does the value of the equilibrium constant show that a reaction reaches equilibrium very quickly? (a) the equilibrium constant is large. (b) the equilibrium constant is small. (c) the equilibrium constant is zero. (d) the value of the equilibrium constant does not show how quickly a reaction comes to equilibrium.