In the atmosphere water vapor condenses to form clouds.

It is called condensation, when the water vapor condenses in the atmosphere to form a clouds. This happens when the air cools to the point and mixed with the dust in the air. Once the cloud is formed, the condensation process still continues  until the air into the clouds contains water vapor and liquid. Once the clouds get heavy because of the liquid inside, it will then start to pour that makes it rain. Due to the unstable atmosphere, sometimes the process of condensation became a strong thunderstorm.

The answer is solid copper 

The answer is the third option extremely gradual