What is the effective nuclear charge experienced by the 2p and 3p electrons of a chlorine atom, respectively?

The effective nuclear charge can be calculated from Slater's rules.

According to Slater's rule, the effective nuclear charge is obtained from;

Zeff = Z - S

Zeff = effective nuclear charge

Z = nuclear charge

S = screening

Note that;

Electrons in ns and np orbitals have S = 0.35Electrons in the penultimate shell (n - 1) has S = 0.85Electrons in (n - 2) shell has S = 1.00

For a 2p chlorine electron;

Chlorine has electron configuration, 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

S = 7(0.35) + 2(0.85) = 2.45 + 1.7 = 4.15

The total nuclear charge of chlorine Z = 17

Zeff = 17 - 4.15

Zeff = 12.85

For the 3p electron;

S = 6(0.35) + 8(0.85) + 2(1.00)

S = 2.1 + 6.8 + 2 = 10.9

Zeff = 17 - 10.9

Zeff = 6.1

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Effective nuclear charge by 2p = 13.35

Effective nuclear charge by 3p = 6.1

Further explanation

The effective nuclear charge is the nuclear charge which is influenced by the shielding effect of electrons

The effective nuclear charge (Zeff) can be formulated as:

with

Z = nuclear charge = atomic number

S = shield constant

Shielding constants are constants that are generated from the core attraction of electrons in the inner skin

Rules for calculating shield constants

1. Electrons in orbitals are grouped according to skin

/ 1s / 2s, 2p / 3s, 3p / 3d / 4s, 4p / 4d / 4f / 5s, 5p / 5d / 5f /

2. Electrons to the right of the electron studied by shield constants = 03. The electron to the left of the electron is studied by its shield constant:

* Electrons in the same shell shielding effects = 0.35

* Electrons in the skin have deeper shielding effects = 0.85

* Electrons in the skin are deeper than shielding effects = 1.00

On Cl atom which have electron configurations:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵

1. if we view the initial charge at 2p then the configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶

the electron to the right of 2p does not have a shielding effect

so the shield constant:

S = 0.35. 8 + 0.85.1

S = 3.65

Zeff = Z - S

Zeff = 17 - 3.65 = 13.35

2. if we view the initial charge at 3p then the configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵

because 3p⁵ then only 4 electrons are counted so there are 2 + 4 = 6 electrons in the skin 3

so the shield constant:

S = 0.35 x 6 + 0.85 x 8 + 1 x 2

S = 10.9

Zeff = 17-10.9 = 6.1

Learn more

The effective nuclear charge

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X is the effective nuclear charge, and it increases across a period.

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The effective nuclear charge of an atom is primarily affected by

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Keywords: The effective nuclear charge, electron, core, electron configurations:

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