Which of the following gases is the heaviest? O2, CH4, CO2, Cl2 O 2 CH 4 Cl 2 CO 2

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false

How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in each of the following isotopes? a. zirconium-90 b. palladium-108 c. bromine-81 d. antimony-123

16. in a reaction that has reached equilibrium, a. the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate. b. the reactants and products are in equal concentrations. c. the forward reaction has gone further than the reverse reaction. d. there are equal numbers of atoms on both sides of the equation. e. a, b, and d are correct.