I'm pretty bad with chemistry so I would appreciate your help

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false

Which terms are used to identify pure substances

How many moles of lead are in 1.50 x 10^12 atoms of lead? could you explain the answer as well and not just give it to me i am refreshing for finals and i need to know how to do it