How does heat transfer by radiation different then transfer by a convention or conduction?

Here, I'll explain what all 3 are first

Radiation

is thermal energy from the sun, it comes in 3 ways, ER (electromagnetic  waves) and visible light and IR (infrared radiation).

Visible light is light we see and it comes from space or the sun. ER are waves that hit earth but aren't the best for you. They have a shorter wave length then IR. they also break chemical compounds. If exposed with too much it can cause skin cancer and sunburnsIR is light that we feel (heat) that comes form space. It has long wavelenghts.

Conduction

is thermal heat through direct contact.

Convection

Convection is the circular motion that happens when warmer air or liquid  infuse or make connection

How does heat transfer by radiation different then transfer by a convention or conduction?

Conduction and connection mostly need something so they can start moving or working the way they should. radion is heat form  space unlike concution and convection (heat in from "earth")

C) electrons encircling a nucleus with neutrons and protons

Well technically there are two correct answers b and d. but for you its probably b in general.good day sir/ma'am : ) (i know not gender)