PLs I need help NO LINKS

Can you do the last two I'm stuck brainliyst

Which statement is a reason to support population regulation? a) it is unethical for us to control birth control rates b) humans have the freedom to produce as many children as desired c) the gap between the rich and poor has been narrowing since 1960 d) billions more people on the earth will intensify many environmental and social problems

Idon't really understand this can you me and show your work.☺☺[ chemistry b] subject [ electron transfer in lonic bonds]grade( 12)

The atomic radius of sodium is 186 pm and of chlorine is 100 pm. the ionic radius for na+ is 102 pm and for cl– is 181 pm. in going from na to cl in period 3, why does the atomic radius decrease while the ionic radius increases? a. the inner electrons in the sodium cation shield its valence electrons more effectively than the inner electrons in the chloride anion do. b. the inner electrons shield the valence electrons more effectively in the chlorine atom than in the chloride anion. c. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a smaller effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. d. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a larger effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. e. monatomic ions are bigger than the atoms from which they are formed.