The living things in the biosphere are mostly made up of and .

here we have to get the change of moles on decrease the volume of the reaction in gas phase.

the   per the given options it will decrease by (d) 11-50%

we know, on decreasing the volume of the gas phase reaction the reaction moves to the product side.

the reaction:                     so₂cl₂ (g) = so₂ (g) + cl₂ (g)         total

the moles at equilibrium:   1 - α                 α               α           = 1+α

concentrations:                   1 - α               α               α           = 1 + α

(concentration = moles/volume, as volume is 1 l)

(where α is the degree of dissociation)

now the dissociation constant in terms of concentration is :

=  

or,

or,   = (at v = 1l)

the reaction:                     so₂cl₂ (g) = so₂ (g) + cl₂ (g)         total

the moles at equilibrium:   1 - α                 α               α           = 1+α

concentrations:               (1 - α)/0.5           α/0.5         α/0.5       = (1 + α)/0.5

thus, the dissociation constant in terms of concentration is :

or,  

=  

so, the change of 1 : 1/0.5

or, 1: 2

thus it will decrease by 50%.

or, as per the given options it will decrease by 11-50%

ca has a crystalline lattice with positive ions (since it is a metal, metals are positively charged) and electrons flow freely in its structure since the ca atoms have a large nuclear radius so the electrons are not tightly held, therefore the electrons can flow freely since they are not being highly attracted by the nucleus. moreover, one of the properties of metals are that they are conductors of electricity, thus proving ca is the element.