Each atom consists of a central nucleus and several shells that contain electrons. The outermost electrons are called valence electrons. Most atoms are stable with a configuration of eight valence electrons. This is known as the octet rule. How many valence electrons does each atom have?

The first element on the periodic table of elements is carbon. a. true b. false

Consider the elements bromine and chlorine; which elements has a larger ionic radius ?

Why is the bond angle in a water molecule less than the bond angle of methane? a. the central oxygen atom in water has two lone pairs of electrons, whereas the central carbon atom in methane has no lone pairs. b. the central hydrogen atom in water has one lone pair of electrons, whereas the central carbon atom in methane has two lone pairs. c. the central oxygen atom in water has four lone pairs of electrons, whereas the central carbon atom in methane has only one lone pair. d. the central oxygen atom exerts more repulsive force on surrounding atoms than the central carbon atom in methane does. reset next