In a chemical equation what does the downward pointing arrow signify ?​

An arrow pointing down (as in PbI2?) indicates that the product will spontaneously precipitate from the solution. ("Precipitate," in this sense, means the formation of a solid from the combination of two aqueous solutions.)

answer: option (4) is the correct answer.

explanation:

areas which are at low altitudes and near the equator tend to receive direct sunlight from the sun. hence, heat energy or radiations from the sun make these areas warmer and they have warmest water.

whereas areas which are at high altitudes and away from the equator do no receive direct sunlight. hence, no direct contact from the sun makes these regions colder and thus, they have colder water.

thus, we can conclude that the statement areas at low latitudes near the equator have the warmest water because they receive the most direct sunlight best explains the relationship between an area's geography and the temperature of its surface water.