) In a nuclear reaction, which quantity is the same before and after the change? (1 point) the number of alpha particles
the types of atoms
the total mass
the total number of protons
A) Why does the emission of an alpha particle always result in transmutation? (1 point)
The atom is converted to helium.
The number of protons in the atom changes.
The protons in the large atom change to neutrons.
Energy is released from the nucleus of the atom.
A) Which phrase describes radioactive decay? (1 point)
the triggering of one reaction by the products of another
the spontaneous emission of radiation
the splitting of a large nucleus into smaller nuclei
the joining of small nuclei into a larger nucleus
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
A) Which option would be an appropriate model of nuclear fusion? (1 point)
sewing one piece of fabric to another
putting a puzzle together
mashing two marshmallows together
adding a drop of water to a glass of water
A) Which aspect must be taken into consideration when creating a model of radioactive decay?
(1 point)
There must not be any changes to the element in question.
There must be a way for unstable nuclei to become stable nuclei.
There must be a predictable and reversible change that occurs.
There must not be any particles or energy emitted from the nucleus.
A) How is fusion different from a simple chemical reaction? (1 point)
Energy is released in a fusion reaction, but it is absorbed in a chemical reaction.
The nuclei combine in a fusion reaction.
Atoms come together in a chemical reaction, but they are split in a fusion reaction.
The atoms are bound to each other by electrons in a fusion reaction.
Question 7
A)
Use the image to answer the question.
Which statement best describes the charged particles in the fusion reaction?
(1 point)
The nucleus with the greatest positive charge is on the left side of the reaction.
The nucleus with the greatest positive charge is on the right side of the reaction.
There are no charged particles because the positive and negative charges will cancel out.
There are no charged particles because these are all nuclei, which are neutral

Show transcript transcripts online experiment: atomic structure [the history of atomic theory] this animation will you test rutherford’s hypothesis that it took a great number of shots to actually hit the nucleus because the size of the atom was so much larger than the nucleus.[clipboard and pencil with a diagram of rutherford’s gold foil experiment] we are going to use a cardboard box to represent the atom, a wooden block to represent the nucleus, and marbles to represent the alpha particles. [animated cardboard box, wooden block, and marbles] the box’s measurements are: length = 50 cm, width = 25 cm, and height = 25 cm. the measurements of the block are: length = 10 cm, width = 10 cm, and height is 5 cm. jose and priscilla will conduct the experiment. [animated boy and girl] priscilla put the block in the box on the floor. jose will close his eyes and drop marbles into the box trying to hit the block. priscilla will count the number of times the marbles hit the block and move the block in the box after each hit. [animated block moving inside the box. marble dropping into the box.] here is priscilla’s data of how many times the marble hit the block. out of 100 marble drops or shots, the marble hit the block 32 times. [data table: first column: marble, with rows 1 to 100; column 2: hit, with rows indicating yes or no. last row: total hits] now you can follow the directions in the experiment to present your findings. present your findings when you are finished with the experiment, complete the following data analysis and record your answers in the essay box below. determine the volume of the box and the block. determine the ratio of the block to the box: multiply this number by 100 to turn it into a percent. complete this statement: the volume of the block is percent of the volume of the box. determine the ratio of the number of hits to the number of shots: multiply this number by 100 to turn it into a percent. complete this statement: the block was hit percent of the time. compare the results of step 2 to the results of step 3. are the percentages similar? write a conclusion discussing the following items: based on your findings, do you think rutherford's hypothesis was reasonable? restate rutherford's hypothesis and describe how you tested it. state whether your results support the hypothesis. if they do not, can you suggest some error in experimental procedure (other than general human error) that might explain it? finally, explain how this experiment confirms the nuclear model of the atom and the idea that most of the atom is empty space.