Specific heat (which can be represented as SH, Cs, sp. ht., or a number of other possibilities) is defined as the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 ∘C. For example, 0.0920 cal is enough energy to raise 1 g of copper from 21.0 ∘C to 22.0 ∘C . Therefore, the specific heat of copper is 0.0920 cal/(g⋅∘C) . Question 1. How much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of 0.366 kg of copper from 23.0 ∘C to 60.0 ∘C? The specific heat of copper is 0.0920 cal/(g⋅∘C) .

- calcium has greater affinity to bond with electron receptors than hydrogen does and hence, it has the ability to replace hydrogen in most of its compounds.

- lithium has 2 valence electrons in the product because it can make only 1 bond with hydrogen. beryllium has 4 valence electrons in the product because it can only make 2 bonds. it has fewer electrons than neon and can react with electron donors. each hydrogen has 2 valence electrons, the same as helium.

- the covalent bond formed between carbon and hydrogen is polar because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen and it attracts the bonded electron pair closer to itself, thus giving hydrogen a partial positive charge.

- a hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond that hydrogen atoms make with the electronegative atoms nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.

so the best choice is a.) 2 calcium (ca) atoms

c. is the answer

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