Q3 a) What are the conditions favourable for covalent bonding? b) Write the wave function for a two-electron system such as Hz.
c) The bond distance in Nz is 109pm and in N," is 112pm. Draw molecular-orbital energy-level
diagrams for this two species and explain why the difference in the bond distances.
d) What is the difference in the covalent bond present in the following compounds;
HCI, H, O and H.
e) Using the molecular orbital energy diagram, show why He does not exist but Hey" is known.

as given the equation is

2al + 6 hcl > 2 alcl3 + 3 h2(g)

as per equation two moles of aluminum reacts with six moles of hcl to give two moles of alcl3 and three moles of hydrogen gas

given: three moles of al are present and 7 moles of hcl

for three moles of aluminum nine moles of hcl will be required

however as 7 moles of hcl are present so the limiting reagent is hcl

hcl is going to decide the number of moles of product formed

when six moles of hcl are present = 3 moles of h2 are formed

when one mole of hcl is present == 3/6 mole sof h2 will be formed

when 7 moles of hcl are present = 3 x 7/ 6 moles of h2 will be formed = 3.5 moles of h2

plasma - state of matter made up of electrically charged particles