Write a balanced half-reaction for the oxidation of solid manganese dioxide to permanganate ion in basic aqueous solution. Be sure to add physical state symbols where appropriate.

8 OH⁻(aq) + Mn(s) ⇒ MnO₄⁻(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 7 e⁻

Explanation:

Let's consider the following oxidation half-reaction that takes place in basic aqueous solution.

Mn(s) ⇒ MnO₄⁻(aq)

First, we will perform the mass balance. We will add 4 H₂O to the products side and 8 OH⁻ to the reactants side.

8 OH⁻(aq) + Mn(s) ⇒ MnO₄⁻(aq) + 4 H₂O(l)

Finally, we will perform the charge balance by adding 7 electrons to the products side.

8 OH⁻(aq) + Mn(s) ⇒ MnO₄⁻(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 7 e⁻

- calcium has greater affinity to bond with electron receptors than hydrogen does and hence, it has the ability to replace hydrogen in most of its compounds.

- lithium has 2 valence electrons in the product because it can make only 1 bond with hydrogen. beryllium has 4 valence electrons in the product because it can only make 2 bonds. it has fewer electrons than neon and can react with electron donors. each hydrogen has 2 valence electrons, the same as helium.

- the covalent bond formed between carbon and hydrogen is polar because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen and it attracts the bonded electron pair closer to itself, thus giving hydrogen a partial positive charge.

- a hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond that hydrogen atoms make with the electronegative atoms nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.

so the best choice is a.) 2 calcium (ca) atoms

conduction is the transfer of thermal energy (heat in transfer) due to collisions between the molecules in the object. collisions between adjacent atoms and molecules transfer kinetic energy from the warmer to the cooler object. the objects must be in physical contact.