10. What could the pH of a solution be if a cyanidin indicator turned blue? What is used to determine the endpoint of a titration? (Choose all that apply) D 4
5
06
07

The cyanidin indicator turns blue within a pH range of 5 - 7. The pH of the solution could be 5, 6 or 7.

An indicator is used to determine the endpoint of a titration.

Explanation:

Cyanidin indicator changes colour with each change in pH. In acidic solutions (pH < 7) cyanidin indicator will turn red, through to purple and blue, while in basic solutions (pH > 7), cyanidin indicator will change colour from aquamarine through to green and yellow. The cyanidin indicator turns blue within a pH range of 5 - 7.

Titration is a technique used in analytical chemistry to determine the unknown concentration of a solution. A solution of known concentration is added from a burette to the solution of unknown concentration until the reaction between the two solutions is complete. This known as the endpoint of the experiment. The endpoint of a titration is determined using an indicator which is added to reaction mixture. A colour charge is produced by the indicator at the endpoint of the reaction.

Note: An indicator is a dye of weak organic acids or bases which changes colour with changes in the pH of a solution. Some common indicators are methyl orange, methyl red, phenolphthalein, etc. These indicators are used to monitor the changes in the pH of solutions during a reaction.

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.