I need help with a questino

The atomic radius of sodium is 186 pm and of chlorine is 100 pm. the ionic radius for na+ is 102 pm and for cl– is 181 pm. in going from na to cl in period 3, why does the atomic radius decrease while the ionic radius increases? a. the inner electrons in the sodium cation shield its valence electrons more effectively than the inner electrons in the chloride anion do. b. the inner electrons shield the valence electrons more effectively in the chlorine atom than in the chloride anion. c. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a smaller effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. d. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a larger effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. e. monatomic ions are bigger than the atoms from which they are formed.

Alidded glass container is filled with a colored gas. after a period of time, it is observed that the gas is uniformly spread throughout the box and that the movement has slowed considerably. next, a warm iron plate is carefully placed under the box. why is there resumed movement of the gas in the container?

How is the electron sea model of metallic bonding different from the band theory? how are they the same? give at least one similarity and one difference between the models