El Cloruro de Sodio (NaCl), más conocido como sal de mesa, se obtiene en conjunto con el agua, a partir de una reacción de neutralización ácido-base, en la que participan el Acido Clorhídrico (HCl) y el Hidróxido de Sodio (NaOH).

c. orbital shape i hope this is correct

alchemy hadn't scientific methods of study, appeal to mysticism and fantasy, the knowledge of chemistry and physics were modest at that time.

alchemy was - but as new rules were discovered it either changed into chemistry or it became "unscientific".