How is stratospheric ozone created? 1. Radiant energy from the sun breaks apart oxygen molecules freeing single oxygen atoms that recombine into ozone.
2. Ozone is formed in when sulfur and nitrogen oxides combine with water in the atmosphere.
3. When ultraviolet radiation passes through a depleted ozone layer it acts on oxygen at ground levels creating ozone.
4. Ozone created from NOx and VOC gases rise from low altitudes into the stratosphere and form the ozone layer.

vanderwaal's forces of attraction are the electrostatic intermolecular forces that exist in a molecule due to the temporary or permanent dipoles that are developed in a molecule. in , the major intermolecular forces are dipole-dipole interactions as the molecule is polar (bent structure). so the vanderwaal's forces of interaction in between molecules are the permanent dipole-dipole interactions that develop due to the dipole that exists in between the polar h - s bond. the positively charged hydrogen atom is attracted towards the negative end of the dipole that is sulfur of the adjacent molecule. therefore, these forces of attraction are relatively stronger than that of london dispersion forces that exist in non polar molecules.

the answer is na (sodium)

a. energy is absorbed in the reaction.

if in a given reaction the energy of products is greater than the energy of reactants it means that reaction is endothermic and during the reaction, the energy is absorbed by reactants. in an endothermic reaction, the products have more stored chemical energy than the reactants. and in this reaction the reactants are more stable than products before the compounds with less energy are always more stable.