Pls help me i need this for a test

Which of the following true? a_volcanoes and earthquakes often near the plate boundaries. b_volcanoes occur whereve there are tall mountains. c_earthquakes cause volcanoes in the same location to erupt violently d_volcanoes and earthquakes occur only where plates are colliding with each other

Which is the layer underground where all empty spaces are filled with a combination of air and water ?

The atomic radius of sodium is 186 pm and of chlorine is 100 pm. the ionic radius for na+ is 102 pm and for cl– is 181 pm. in going from na to cl in period 3, why does the atomic radius decrease while the ionic radius increases? a. the inner electrons in the sodium cation shield its valence electrons more effectively than the inner electrons in the chloride anion do. b. the inner electrons shield the valence electrons more effectively in the chlorine atom than in the chloride anion. c. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a smaller effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. d. the outermost electrons in chloride experience a larger effective nuclear charge than those in the sodium cation do. e. monatomic ions are bigger than the atoms from which they are formed.