Select all the correct answers. Which statements demonstrate scientific research bias?

Jennifer studied the most convenient sample instead of obtaining a sample that better represented the entire population.
Tyler's conclusion was supported by his data, but it did not agree with his hypothesis.
Manny was presented with several possible research topics, and he chose the one he found most interesting.
Ellie carried out the same experiment four times, and she obtained the same result every time.
Brad expected a certain result from his experiment, so he interpreted his data in a way consistent with that result.

1. Jennifer

Jennifer tried to cut corners and exclude a chunk of people from the population, making her results biased.

2. Brad

Brad was just seeing what he wanted to see, instead of facing the results of his experiment, which makes him scientifically biased. It's known as 'cherry-picking' informally.

Explanation:

Why are the rest not biased?

1. Tyler

You don't need your results and conclusion to agree with your hypothesis. A hypothesis is just your guess, it's not absolute and doesn't demonstrate bias if it doesn't agree with your conclusion.

2. Manny

He simply chose a topic he was interested in. It would be a different story if he already had a topic, but only chose information that agreed with his hypothesis, neglecting other pieces of information.

3. Ellie

This demonstrates no bias. She carried out an experiment and, according to experimental data, received the same results every time. She did not purposefully alter them to make them what she wanted to see.